Zone file

A zone file is a text file stored on a DNS server that contains the mapping of domain names to IP addresses and other DNS records. It defines the structure of a specific DNS zone, which represents a portion of the domain namespace managed by an authoritative name server.
Zone files are essential to the functioning of the Domain Name System, as they provide instructions that allow users to resolve human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses. Without properly configured zone files, websites, email servers, and other internet services would not be reachable.
Advanced
Zone files follow a standard format defined by the DNS specification (RFC 1035). They contain a series of resource records (RRs), such as A (address), AAAA (IPv6 address), MX (mail exchange), CNAME (canonical name), NS (name server), and TXT (text) records. Each record specifies information about how queries for a domain should be handled.
The Start of Authority (SOA) record is a critical part of any zone file, defining parameters like the primary name server, contact details for the domain administrator, and time-to-live (TTL) values that control caching. Zone files may be manually configured by administrators or automatically generated by DNS management tools. Changes must be synchronized across all authoritative DNS servers to maintain accuracy and consistency.
Relevance
Applications
Metrics
Issues
Example
A company updated its zone file to include a new MX record when migrating email services to Microsoft 365. This ensured all incoming emails were routed to the new provider without disruption, maintaining business continuity.