Framework
Definition
A framework in software development is a pre-built structure of code, libraries, and tools that provides a foundation for building applications. It offers reusable components, guidelines, and best practices so developers don’t have to start from scratch. Frameworks help standardise development, improve efficiency, and ensure consistency across projects.
Unlike standalone libraries, frameworks dictate how code should be organised and executed, often following specific architectural patterns. Examples include React, Angular, Django, Laravel, and Spring, each designed to solve problems in web, mobile, or enterprise development.
Advanced
At an advanced level, frameworks enforce design patterns such as MVC (Model-View-Controller) or MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel). They include modules for routing, state management, security, and integration with databases or APIs. Many frameworks also support testing tools, build automation, and scalability features.
Some frameworks are opinionated, prescribing strict development practices, while others are flexible, allowing developers more freedom. Advanced use may involve extending or customising framework components, integrating microservices, or adopting server-side rendering for performance and SEO.
Why it matters
Use cases
Metrics
Issues
Example
A startup builds its SaaS platform using Django, a Python-based framework. The built-in admin interface, ORM (object-relational mapping), and authentication modules reduce development time. As the platform scales, developers extend Django with APIs and third-party libraries, maintaining performance and security.