Single sign-on (SSO)

Single Sign-On (SSO) is an authentication process that allows users to access multiple applications or systems with one set of login credentials. Instead of remembering different usernames and passwords for various services, users authenticate once, and the system provides secure access across connected platforms.

SSO improves user convenience, reduces password fatigue, and enhances security by centralizing authentication. It is widely used in enterprise IT, cloud services, and consumer applications where multiple systems must work together seamlessly.

Advanced

SSO works through centralized identity management systems that authenticate users and issue security tokens or credentials. Common standards include SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language), OAuth, and OpenID Connect, which transmit identity information between identity providers (IdPs) and service providers (SPs).Advanced SSO

solutions integrate with multi-factor authentication (MFA), conditional access policies, and zero-trust security frameworks. In hybrid or multi-cloud environments, SSO ensures consistent access management across on-premises applications, SaaS platforms, and mobile apps. Centralized logging and monitoring also strengthen compliance and security auditing.

Relevance

• Simplifies user experience by reducing the need for multiple logins.
• Lowers IT help desk costs related to password resets.
• Strengthens security by centralizing authentication policies.
• Supports compliance with data protection and access control standards.
• Increases employee productivity by enabling faster access to applications.
• Essential in modern hybrid and cloud-based business environments.

Applications

• Employees logging in once to access email, CRM, and collaboration tools.
• Universities using SSO for student access to learning platforms and portals.
• Healthcare providers offering secure access to electronic health record systems.
• Cloud services integrating multiple third-party applications under one login.
• Consumers using Google or Facebook credentials to access multiple websites.

Metrics

• Reduction in password reset requests to IT support.
• Average time saved by users accessing multiple apps.
• Number of applications integrated into the SSO platform.
• Authentication success and failure rates.
• Compliance audit results related to identity management.

Issues

• A compromised SSO account could provide access to all connected systems.
• Implementation complexity in multi-vendor environments.
• Reliance on the identity provider creates a potential single point of failure.
• Integration challenges with legacy applications not supporting SSO standards.
• User resistance if MFA or extra security steps slow down access.

Example

A global enterprise implemented SSO for its employees across HR, finance, and collaboration platforms. This reduced login times, cut IT support costs for password resets by 60%, and strengthened access control through centralized identity policies and MFA integration.