Definition
HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. It is the secure version of HTTP, the protocol used to transfer data between a web browser and a server. HTTPS uses encryption to protect data, ensuring that sensitive information such as passwords, payments, and personal details cannot be easily intercepted.
Websites with HTTPS display a padlock icon in the browser, signalling that the connection is encrypted and authenticated. It has become the standard for all websites, not just those handling financial or private data.
Advanced
At an advanced level, HTTPS relies on SSL or TLS certificates issued by trusted authorities. These certificates establish encrypted communication and verify the identity of the website. HTTPS also prevents man-in-the-middle attacks by ensuring data integrity during transfer.
Modern web browsers and search engines prioritise HTTPS websites, and features like HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 further enhance performance and security. Organisations often use certificate management tools and automated renewals to maintain compliance.
Why it matters
- Encrypts data to protect users from cyberattacks.
- Builds trust with visitors through secure connections.
- Required for SEO ranking benefits in major search engines.
- Ensures compliance with data protection regulations.
Use cases
- Securing e-commerce transactions and payments.
- Protecting login pages and user accounts.
- Encrypting communications on SaaS platforms.
- Ensuring data privacy for healthcare and financial services.
Metrics
- SSL/TLS certificate validity and renewal status.
- Percentage of website traffic using HTTPS.
- Browser trust indicators and error rates.
- SEO performance improvements with HTTPS adoption.
Issues
- Expired or misconfigured certificates can block access.
- Poor certificate management increases security risks.
- Migrating from HTTP may cause temporary redirects or SEO issues.
- Performance overhead without HTTP/2 or HTTP/3 optimisation.
Example
An online retailer migrates its website to HTTPS using an SSL certificate. Customers see the padlock symbol in the browser, improving trust and reducing cart abandonment while also boosting SEO performance.