A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a type of local network that uses wireless communication technologies, typically Wi-Fi, to connect devices within a limited area such as a home, office, or campus. Unlike wired LANs, which require Ethernet cables, WLANs allow users to connect laptops, smartphones, printers, and IoT devices over radio waves.
WLANs provide flexibility, mobility, and convenience by enabling devices to access network resources and the internet without physical connections. They are widely used in both personal and enterprise environments for productivity, collaboration, and everyday communication.
Advanced
WLANs operate under the IEEE 802.11 standards, which define protocols for wireless communication, including Wi-Fi 4 (802.11n), Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac), and Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax). Access points (APs) serve as the central nodes that manage wireless connections and route traffic to wired backbones or the internet.
Advanced WLAN deployments use multiple APs with roaming support, mesh networking, and controllers to ensure seamless connectivity across large areas. Security protocols such as WPA3 are used to protect transmissions, while Quality of Service (QoS) features prioritize bandwidth for critical applications like video conferencing or VoIP. Enterprises may integrate WLANs with centralized management tools, analytics, and identity-based access controls.
Relevance
- Provides mobility and flexibility for users and devices.
- Reduces dependency on wired infrastructure.
- Supports collaboration in offices, campuses, and public spaces.
- Enables IoT connectivity across industries.
- Scales easily with the addition of wireless access points.
- Critical for hybrid and remote working environments.
Applications
- A home network connecting smartphones, laptops, and smart TVs via Wi-Fi.
- An enterprise deploying WLAN for employee collaboration and mobility.
- A university offering campus-wide wireless internet access.
- Retail stores enabling point-of-sale systems and customer Wi-Fi.
- Airports and hotels providing public WLAN services for travelers.
Metrics
- Signal strength and coverage across locations.
- Bandwidth utilization and throughput per device.
- Latency and jitter during data transmission.
- Number of concurrent users supported by an access point.
- Security compliance with encryption standards.
Issues
- Susceptible to interference from other wireless devices.
- Security risks if weak or outdated encryption is used.
- Limited range compared to wired networks.
- Performance degradation with too many connected devices.
- Requires careful planning for coverage in large or dense areas.
Example
A hospital implemented a secure WLAN to allow doctors and nurses to access patient records via tablets throughout the facility. This improved mobility, reduced paperwork, and ensured real-time updates to patient data, enhancing the quality of care.