Spyware

Spyware is a type of malicious software designed to secretly monitor and collect information about a user’s activities without their knowledge or consent. It can track browsing history, capture keystrokes, gather login credentials, record financial information, and monitor online communications. Spyware typically runs silently in the background, making it difficult for users to detect its presence.
Unlike other malware that disrupts systems, spyware focuses on data collection for purposes such as identity theft, financial fraud, targeted advertising, or corporate espionage. It often spreads through malicious downloads, infected email attachments, compromised websites, or bundled with legitimate-looking software.
Advanced
Spyware operates by embedding itself within the operating system or applications, intercepting data before it reaches secure channels. Keyloggers record keystrokes, adware injects unwanted ads, and tracking spyware monitors online behavior. Advanced variants may disable security tools, use rootkit techniques to remain hidden, or exploit vulnerabilities to escalate privileges.
Detection and removal require specialized anti-spyware or endpoint security tools, as standard antivirus may not always be effective. Enterprises often deploy network monitoring, intrusion detection systems, and behavioral analytics to spot unusual patterns caused by spyware infections. Encryption, multi-factor authentication, and endpoint hardening further mitigate risks.
Relevance
Applications
Metrics
Issues
Example
A large retailer discovered spyware on point-of-sale terminals capturing customer credit card data. The breach led to financial losses, regulatory investigations, and reputational harm. Afterward, the company strengthened endpoint security, implemented real-time monitoring, and adopted stricter vendor controls.