Digital accessibility

Definition

Digital accessibility refers to the design and development of digital products, services, and content so that people with disabilities can use them effectively. It ensures that websites, applications, and electronic documents are perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust for all users regardless of ability.

For example, a website with captions on videos, descriptive alt text on images, and keyboard-friendly navigation improves accessibility for users with hearing, vision, or mobility impairments.

Advanced

Digital accessibility is guided by standards such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which define criteria for meeting different compliance levels. It covers a wide range of areas including text alternatives for non-text content, colour contrast, resizable text, screen reader compatibility, and logical navigation structures.

Advanced approaches include embedding accessibility testing into development workflows, adopting inclusive design principles, and training teams on assistive technologies. Organisations may also conduct accessibility audits, user testing with people who have disabilities, and regular compliance reviews to ensure adherence to WCAG and legal requirements such as the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 in Australia or the Americans with Disabilities Act in the US.

Why it matters

• Ensures equal access to information and services for all users.
• Helps organisations comply with disability and anti-discrimination laws.
• Improves user experience and usability for wider audiences.
• Strengthens brand reputation by demonstrating inclusivity.

Use cases

• Designing forms that can be completed using screen readers.
• Adding captions and transcripts to video and audio content.
• Ensuring colour choices provide sufficient contrast.
• Implementing keyboard shortcuts for navigation without a mouse.

Metrics

• WCAG compliance level (A, AA, or AAA) achieved.
• Number of accessibility issues identified in audits.
• User testing feedback from people with disabilities.
• Accessibility score improvements tracked over time.

Issues

• Legal and financial risks from failing accessibility requirements.
• Excluding potential customers who cannot use inaccessible products.
• Higher development costs if accessibility is added late instead of designed upfront.
• Negative brand perception from non-inclusive digital practices.

Example

A university updates its online learning platform to meet WCAG 2.1 AA standards. By improving screen reader compatibility, adding captions to lectures, and enhancing keyboard navigation, it ensures equal access for students with disabilities and avoids potential legal challenges.