Cross-platform development

Definition

Cross-platform development is the practice of creating applications that run on multiple operating systems or devices using a single codebase. Instead of writing separate versions for iOS, Android, Windows, macOS, or web, developers use frameworks that enable compatibility across platforms. This approach reduces time, cost, and resources while reaching wider audiences.

For example, a mobile app built with React Native or Flutter can be deployed simultaneously on iOS and Android without needing two separate native development teams.

Advanced

Cross-platform development relies on frameworks and tools that bridge programming languages with native system APIs. Popular frameworks include React Native, Flutter, Xamarin, and Ionic. They often use abstraction layers or rendering engines to provide access to device features like cameras, sensors, or push notifications.

Advanced strategies involve balancing shared code with platform-specific adjustments to ensure high performance and a native-like user experience. Developers may integrate with CI/CD pipelines, automated testing tools, and containerisation for streamlined releases. Some frameworks allow over-the-air updates to bypass lengthy app store approval cycles. Performance tuning, memory optimisation, and UI customisation are key in advanced cross-platform builds.

Why it matters

• Reduces development costs by eliminating the need for multiple codebases.
• Accelerates time to market with simultaneous multi-platform releases.
• Expands user reach across different operating systems and devices.
• Simplifies maintenance and updates through unified code management.

Use cases

• Building mobile apps that work on both iOS and Android.
• Developing business applications for desktops across Windows and macOS.
• Creating progressive web apps with offline functionality.
• Launching MVPs quickly to test market demand.

Metrics

• Percentage of code reuse across platforms.
• App performance benchmarks compared to native builds.
• Time saved in development and release cycles.
• User satisfaction ratings across supported platforms.

Issues

• Possible performance limitations compared to fully native apps.
• UI inconsistencies if frameworks do not perfectly replicate native elements.
• Dependence on third-party libraries or plugins for device features.
• Complexities in scaling apps with heavy processing or hardware integration needs.

Example

A startup builds a fitness tracking app using Flutter. With one codebase, the app is released on iOS and Android at the same time. The cross-platform approach saves development costs, accelerates launch, and ensures consistent updates across both platforms.