Definition
Frame rate refers to the number of individual frames or images displayed per second in a video. It is measured in frames per second (fps). Common frame rates include 24 fps for cinema, 30 fps for broadcast television, and 60 fps for smoother motion often used in gaming or sports.
Frame rate determines how motion is perceived. Lower frame rates create a more cinematic look with slight motion blur, while higher frame rates capture more detail and fluidity, making movement appear smoother and more lifelike.
Advanced
At an advanced level, frame rate affects not only aesthetics but also technical aspects such as file size, bandwidth, and playback compatibility. Higher frame rates demand more storage and processing power but allow slow-motion playback when footage is interpreted at a lower frame rate.
Professional productions use variable frame rates for different creative goals. For example, 24 fps may be used for narrative film, 120 fps for slow motion in sports replays, and 48 fps or higher for experimental formats. The choice of frame rate is also tied to shutter speed, often set using the 180-degree shutter rule for natural motion.
Why it matters
- Influences the visual style and realism of video content.
- Determines the smoothness of motion for viewers.
- Impacts editing flexibility, especially for slow motion.
- Affects storage, processing, and streaming requirements.
Use cases
- Shooting films at 24 fps for a cinematic aesthetic.
- Broadcasting television or live streams at 30 fps.
- Recording sports and action at 60 fps or higher for clarity.
- Capturing slow-motion sequences at 120 fps or more.
Metrics
- Frames per second (fps) of recording and playback.
- Bitrate and storage requirements per frame rate.
- Viewer engagement and perception of smoothness.
- Performance compatibility across devices and platforms.
Issues
- Low frame rates may appear choppy for fast action.
- Very high frame rates increase file size and streaming demands.
- Inconsistent frame rates can cause playback issues.
- Using the wrong frame rate for the target platform may reduce quality.
Example
A filmmaker records at 24 fps to achieve a traditional cinematic look for a drama. For an action sequence, a second camera records at 120 fps. In editing, the footage is slowed down to create smooth slow-motion highlights, adding dramatic impact to the scene.