CRUD
Definition
CRUD stands for Create, Read, Update, and Delete. These four operations represent the basic functions of persistent storage in databases and applications. CRUD defines how data can be managed, making it a core concept in both relational and non-relational systems.
Every interaction with a database or API typically maps to one of these operations. For example, adding a new user record corresponds to Create, retrieving a record corresponds to Read, editing data is Update, and removing data is Delete.
Advanced
At an advanced level, CRUD operations are implemented through SQL in relational databases using commands such as INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE. In NoSQL databases, CRUD maps to operations like inserting documents, querying collections, updating key-value pairs, or deleting records.
APIs and web applications also expose CRUD through RESTful endpoints. For example, POST handles Create, GET handles Read, PUT or PATCH handles Update, and DELETE performs Delete. Advanced systems may add validation, transactions, and role-based permissions to ensure data integrity and security.
Why it matters
Use cases
Metrics
Issues
Example
A social media platform uses CRUD operations to manage posts. Users create new posts, read posts from others, update their own content, and delete when necessary. These basic operations form the backbone of the platform’s functionality.